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--- genesis_2 [2025/01/18 13:15] – [Geographical Location] ken
+++ genesis_2 [2025/01/18 13:28] (current) – [Timeline] ken
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-The Kuwait River is believed to have dried up sometime around five thousand years ago. It originally flowed from headwaters in an area called Mahd adh Dhahab in Medina province in western Saudi Arabia. This area has been the primary gold-mining region in the Arabian Peninsula since at least 3000 BC. Presumably, this area is what is referred to in ancient Hebrew as הוילה ([[hoileh]]) and traditionally called 'Havilah'.
+The Kuwait River is believed to have dried up sometime around 4500 years ago. It originally flowed from headwaters in an area called Mahd adh Dhahab in Medina province in western Saudi Arabia. This area has been the primary gold-mining region in the Arabian Peninsula since at least 3000 BC. Presumably, this area is what is referred to in ancient Hebrew as הוילה ([[hoileh]]) and traditionally called 'Havilah'.
 Gold mining was widespread in ancient Mesopotamia as early as 6500 years ago. Some of the oldest known gold artifacts, found in the Varna Necropolis in Bulgaria, date from around 4500 BC. The Sakdrisi site in southern Georgia, dating to at least 3000 BC is the oldest confirmed gold mine.
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 [[hedeqel]] and [[perat]] - are readily identifiable as direct transliterations of the Akkadian words "Idiqlat", and "Purattu", the names of the rivers we now call the Tigris and Euphrates. The fact that the Hebrew words are based on the Akkadian rather than the earlier Sumerian or Babylonian spellings allows the dating of the book of Genesis as contemporary to the Akkadian period - no earlier than about 4500 years before present.
+====Timeline====
+In the previous section we saw evidence that the text of Genesis 2 was likely written down around 4500 years ago.
+However, archaeological evidence shows that several prominent cities already existed in the area - Jericho, Uruk, Ur and Eridu appear to date from between 8,500 to 6,500 years ago. Prior to this time, there were civilized area located further down the valley, prior to the sudden period of sea-level rise which flooded the area and created the Persian Gulf.((Ken Goudsward, 2023, //the Athrahasis Epic//))